{"id":12214,"date":"2026-07-06T07:47:38","date_gmt":"2026-07-06T07:47:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/drgazielly.com\/?page_id=12214"},"modified":"2026-07-06T07:47:38","modified_gmt":"2026-07-06T07:47:38","slug":"shoulder-surgery","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/drgazielly.com\/index.php\/en\/shoulder-surgery\/","title":{"rendered":"Shoulder surgery"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wpb-content-wrapper\"><p>[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]<!-- ===================== PAGE TITLE ===================== --><\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_custom_heading text=&#8221;Shoulder surgery&#8221; font_container=&#8221;tag:h1|text_align:left&#8221; use_theme_fonts=&#8221;yes&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1700000006{margin-bottom: 20px !important;}&#8221;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<p><!-- ===================== SECTION I: ANAESTHESIA ===================== -->[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_custom_heading text=&#8221;I. Anaesthesia and post-operative pain management&#8221; use_theme_fonts=&#8221;yes&#8221;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_column_text]<span style=\"color: #0077cc;\"><strong>We perform all our shoulder surgical procedures, whatever the method\u2014arthroscopic or &#8220;open&#8221;\u2014under general anaesthesia.<\/strong><\/span> We do not combine this with regional anaesthesia via an interscalene block.<\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/1314841520.jpg\" alt=\"Immediate post-operative mobilisation\" width=\"40%\" \/><\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]<span style=\"color: #0077cc;\"><strong>Immediate post-operative pain is perfectly controlled<\/strong><\/span> with painkillers. A morphine pump may be used for certain patients who experience more pain than average. However, in our experience, it is above all the immediate post-operative passive mobilisation of the operated shoulder, combined with cryotherapy (placing ice packs on the shoulder), that best relieves post-operative pain.<\/p>\n<p>Patients who undergo arthroscopic shoulder surgery\u2014unlike those operated on by the &#8220;open&#8221; method\u2014can in theory return home on the evening of the day of surgery, after their first session of passive mobilisation of the operated shoulder with the physiotherapist. This is what is known as day surgery. In practice, we prefer to keep the patient in hospital for one night, or even 2 to 3 days if the patient is elderly or lives alone. Two sessions of passive mobilisation of the operated shoulder, morning and evening, are then carried out with the physiotherapist in our shoulder unit, together with passive mobilisation exercises that the patient performs alone, 4 times a day. Ice packs are applied to the operated shoulder between rehabilitation sessions.<\/p>\n<p>Patients operated on by conventional &#8220;open&#8221; surgery remain in our shoulder unit for an average of 4 days after surgery for instability in an athlete, and 7 days after the fitting of a total shoulder replacement. As with arthroscopic shoulder surgery, passive mobilisation of the operated shoulder begins on the very day of surgery with a physiotherapist, and is then carried out twice a day with the physiotherapist and 4 times a day by the patient alone, throughout the hospital stay. Applying an ice pack to the shoulder operated on by the &#8220;open&#8221; method is more necessary than after arthroscopic surgery, in order to relieve post-operative pain, which is in all cases moderate from the day after surgery.<\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<p><!-- ===================== SECTION II: THE TWO METHODS ===================== -->[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_custom_heading text=&#8221;II. The two methods of shoulder surgery&#8221; use_theme_fonts=&#8221;yes&#8221;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]The surgical procedure can be carried out either through small skin incisions of 2 to 4 mm, with the image provided by a micro-camera inserted into the shoulder monitored on a television screen (arthroscopic surgery), or through a skin incision of around ten centimetres with an opening of the muscle wall (&#8220;open&#8221; surgery).<\/p>\n<p><strong>We practise the arthroscopic shoulder surgery that we learned during our stays in the United States from the 1990s onwards\u2026<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The principle\u2014revolutionary in the late 1980s\u2014is to carry out a highly precise technical procedure inside the shoulder, guided by an image provided by a micro-camera inserted into the shoulder and relayed to a television screen placed in front of the surgeon.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/2404112348.jpg\" alt=\"Arthroscopic shoulder surgery\" width=\"50%\" \/><\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>A pump continuously circulates sterile saline solution in and out, with the surgeon able to adjust the pressure and flow at will, ensuring excellent visibility of the tissues inside the shoulder.<\/li>\n<li>Specific surgical instruments, no larger than 5 mm, are used for this arthroscopic microsurgery.<\/li>\n<li style=\"color: #0077cc;\"><strong>The advantages of this arthroscopic shoulder microsurgery are well recognised:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: square; padding-left: 80px;\">\n<li>There is theoretically no risk of infection, because the continuous inflow and outflow of sterile saline solution prevents any microbe from entering, through a continuous washing effect on the shoulder.<\/li>\n<li>Post-operative pain is minimal, since the shoulder muscles are not opened.<\/li>\n<li>Aesthetic benefits: the scars from the 3 to 4 small skin micro-incisions are practically invisible.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #0077cc;\"><strong>We perform 80% of our shoulder surgical procedures using the arthroscopic method:<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: square; padding-left: 80px;\">\n<li>Removal of a rotator cuff calcification<\/li>\n<li>Removal of an acromial spur that is aggressive to the rotator cuff<\/li>\n<li>Repair of a rotator cuff tear<\/li>\n<li>Debridement of a massive, irreparable rotator cuff tear with tenotomy of a severely degenerative long head of biceps<\/li>\n<li>Ligament reattachment of a Bankart lesion in an athlete<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>We operated on all our patients using the &#8220;open&#8221; method from 1986 to 1992, before arthroscopic shoulder microsurgery became reliable and reproducible.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Today, &#8220;open&#8221; shoulder surgery represents about 20% of our surgical practice.<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The risk of post-operative infection is never zero. The goal of the surgical team in the operating theatre, of the care team in the shoulder unit, and of the care facility as a whole, is to reduce this risk to zero. It should be noted that the risk of post-operative infection is increased in certain patients with a medical history of: poorly controlled diabetes, recurrent urinary tract infections, poor dental hygiene or skin acne.<\/li>\n<li>Immediate post-operative pain is now perfectly managed through a combination of effective therapeutic measures: anti-inflammatories and a morphine pump on a non-systematic basis, together with painkillers, immediate post-operative passive mobilisation and ice packs on the operated shoulder as standard.<\/li>\n<li>The quality of the scar is always a matter of concern to us. But it must be understood that it is the patient who &#8220;makes&#8221; their scar\u2026 For example, a patient with constitutional hyperlaxity (excessively flexible joints) will often produce a poor-quality scar.<\/li>\n<li>Today we reserve the &#8220;open&#8221; method for three types of shoulder condition:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: square; padding-left: 80px;\">\n<li><span style=\"color: #0077cc;\"><strong>The vast majority of unstable shoulders in athletes (recurrent anterior dislocations and subluxations).<\/strong><\/span>Using the &#8220;open&#8221; method, we perform what we call a triple locking of the shoulder (bony, muscular and ligamentous), also known as the &#8220;modified Bristow-Latarjet procedure&#8221;. This highly meticulous operation restores the athlete&#8217;s full mobility and allows them to return to their sport without any risk of anterior subluxation or dislocation.<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #0077cc;\"><strong>Primary centred glenohumeral osteoarthritis requires the fitting of an &#8220;anatomical&#8221; total shoulder replacement<\/strong><\/span> that works with the tendons of the rotator cuff, the true &#8220;motors&#8221; of the prosthesis.<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #0077cc;\"><strong>Eccentric glenohumeral osteoarthritis, with a massive and irreparable rotator cuff tear, requires the fitting of a &#8220;reverse&#8221; total shoulder replacement<\/strong><\/span> that works with the deltoid muscle, owing to the loss of the rotator cuff.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><strong>Rehabilitation, the post-operative course and the functional results obtained after each type of surgical procedure performed by arthroscopic microsurgery or &#8220;open&#8221; surgery are detailed in the &#8220;Rehabilitation&#8221; and &#8220;Functional Results&#8221; chapters.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<p><!-- ===================== SEPARATOR ===================== -->[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_separator][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text] [\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_custom_heading text=&#8221;Shoulder surgery&#8221; font_container=&#8221;tag:h1|text_align:left&#8221; use_theme_fonts=&#8221;yes&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1700000006{margin-bottom: 20px !important;}&#8221;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text] [\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_custom_heading text=&#8221;I. Anaesthesia and post-operative pain management&#8221; use_theme_fonts=&#8221;yes&#8221;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text] [\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text] [\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_column_text]We perform all our shoulder surgical procedures, whatever the method\u2014arthroscopic or &#8220;open&#8221;\u2014under general anaesthesia. We do not combine this with regional anaesthesia via an interscalene block. [\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_column_text] [\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text] [\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]Immediate post-operative pain is perfectly controlled with &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/drgazielly.com\/index.php\/en\/shoulder-surgery\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Shoulder surgery<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-12214","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/drgazielly.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12214","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/drgazielly.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/drgazielly.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/drgazielly.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/drgazielly.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12214"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/drgazielly.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12214\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12215,"href":"https:\/\/drgazielly.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12214\/revisions\/12215"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/drgazielly.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12214"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}